Fragmentation from residual fuel
Residual propellant remaining in decommissioned satellites can cause explosions, generating significant debris fields.
Components
Lifecycle Stages
Environmental Concerns
Obligations (2)
Comply with UN Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines
HighOperators must design missions to limit debris generation during normal operations, minimise breakup potential, and ensure post-mission disposal within 25 years.
End-of-life passivation requirement
HighSatellites must be passivated at end of life — all stored energy sources (batteries, fuel, pressurised systems) must be depleted to prevent accidental explosions.
Opportunities (1)
Green propellant adoption
HighTransition to non-toxic propellants such as AF-M315E or LMP-103S to eliminate hydrazine-related risks and simplify handling procedures, reducing costs and environmental impact.